NCOM_Hawaii

The U.S. Navy Coastal Ocean Model (NCOM) was developed by the Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and is maintained by the U.S. Navy Fleet Numerical Meteorology and Oceanography Center (FNMOC).

Hawaii_UHI_C

ROMS (Regional Ocean Modeling System) for the Hawaiian Island region is run by the University of Hawaii for PacIOOS. The Hawaii ROMS has a regular grid of 4 km in the horizontal and 32 terrain-following vertical levels. The thickness of the surface layer is interpolated to constant layer thickness of 0.25 meters. The Hawaii ROMS is nested inside the Navy’s global HYCOM model, and uses global HYCOM for its outer open boundaries for temperature, salinity, currents. There are 11 principal tidal constituents and 3 higher level tidal constitutions that come from interactions. Wind forcing of the surface layers are from a locally run 6 km weather model. All available observations collected for the past 3 days are assimilated into the nowcast field (ocean gliders, Argo sub-surface floats, HF radar surface currents, and satellite data). Additional information can be found at: http://oos.soest.hawaii.edu/pacioos/focus/modeling/roms.php

Global_HYCOM_Navy_C

Basic description of Global HYCOM are found at http://polar.ncep.noaa.gov/global/about/GODAE11_poster_d1.pdf
http://polar.ncep.noaa.gov/global/. HYCOM is a new generation of models where the vertical layers of the model are varied by region and depth. In the open, stratified ocean, isopyncal (constant density) layers are used. Approaching the sharp continental shelves terrain-following (sigma) layers are used, and in the surface or unstratified regions horizontal (z-level) layers are used. This mixture of vertical coordinates allows the physics to smoothly transfer the open ocean physics to the shallow water (http://hycom.org/). The surface layer thickness ranges from 0.17 meters inshore to a maximum of 1.0 meters offshore. The Navy global HYCOM model is an eddy resolving global model run once a day and produces 2-day nowcasts and 6-day forecasts. The model is initialized daily from the 3D Navy’s multi-variate data assimilation of a wide variety of sources in-situ and remotely sensed. Navy global HYCOM model is forced by the Navy NAVGEM 3-hourly winds, radiation and precipitation. Navy’s Global HYCOM includes a global model of tides from Oregon State University.

Global_HYCOM_NCEP_C

RTOFS - Real-time Operational Forecast System (Global). Basic description of Global HYCOM are found at http://polar.ncep.noaa.gov/global/about/GODAE11_poster_d1.pdf
http://polar.ncep.noaa.gov/global/. HYCOM is a new generation of models where the vertical layers of the model are varied by region and depth. In the open, stratified ocean, isopyncal (constant density) layers are used. Approaching the sharp continental shelves terrain-following (sigma) layers are used, and in the surface or unstratified regions horizontal (z-level) layers are used. This mixture of vertical coordinates allows the physics to smoothly transfer the open ocean physics to the shallow water (http://hycom.org/). The surface layer thickness ranges from 0.17 meters inshore to a maximum of 1.0 meters offshore. The NCEP global HYCOM model is an eddy resolving global model run once a day and produces 2-day nowcasts and 6-day forecasts. The model is initialized daily from the 3D Navy’s multi-variate data assimilation of a wide variety of sources in-situ and remotely sensed. NCEP global HYCOM model is forced by the NOAA GFS 3-hourly winds, radiation and precipitation. At the present time, Global HYCOM does not include tides or tidal forcing.

COPERNICUS_GLOBAL_C

The Copernicus Global Operational Forecast is run and delivered by Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service (CMEMS). CMEMS is the European Earth observation and monitoring program, which provides oceanographic products and services from in-situ measurement, remotely sensed images and model output, to end- users or service providers including maritime safety, coastal and marine environment, weather and climate forecasting, and marine resources. The forecasting system is based on version 3.1 of the Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean (NEMO) ocean model. The bathymetry used in the system is a combination of two different databases. For regions deeper than 300 m ETOPO1 dataset is used while in shallow water (depth < 200m) GEBCO 8. Depth was linearly interpolated between 200 and 300m depth. The atmospheric fields for forcing the ocean model comes from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecast System. A 3-hour sampling of the atmospheric variables is used to reproduce the diurnal cycle, which includes wind speed, surface air temperature, humidity, mean sea level pressure, downward longwave and shortwave radiative fluxes, and rainfall. Data assimilation for the modeling includes in-situ data of vertical profiles of temperature and salinity, and satellite data of sea level anomaly, sea surface temperature and sea ice concentration. http://marine.copernicus.eu/

BLUELINK_V3_C

The Bluelink OceanMAPS operational ocean forecasting model is run and delivered by the Bureau of Meteorology (BOM), Australia. The model is under ongoing development by a collaborative effort among BOM, the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO) and Royal Australian Navy (RAN) under the Bluelink partnership since 2003 with the goal of developing and sustaining operational systems for the global ocean circulation. Currently Bluelink team develops and enhances ocean forecasting capabilities for ocean circulation for global, regional and littoral scales. The latest version of the OceanMAPS model is v.4.0i which was operationally implemented in June 2022.

The forecasting system is based on Ocean Forecasting Australia Model (OFAM) which is a near-global (i.e., excludes polar areas) eddy-resolving configuration of the Modular Ocean Model-MOM (version 5.0 (Griffies,2012)). MOM is a numerical representation of the ocean’s hydrostatic primitive equations and is developed and supported by researchers at NOAA’s Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory. The bathymetry dataset used in the Bluelink v4.0i system is GEBCO at 0.5-minute resolution, and 0.15-minute resolution product developed by Geoscience Australia. The atmospheric fields for forcing the ocean model come from Australian Community Climate and Earth-System Simulator- Global (ACCESS-G) model which is also operated by BoM. For each forecast, data assimilation process is carried out using available observations, including satellite remote sensing (e.g. sea surface temperature, satellite altimetry) and in-situ data such as water temperature and salinity profiles from ARGO floats, XBT and CTD.